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Wood under the microscope shows mistletoe invasions and tangled cells

By magnifying wood by 400 times, these images reveal plant warfare between trees and mistletoe, and intricate tangles of cells

tree cells close up

FROM mighty maples to small shrubs, woody plants are even more striking when viewed from the inside. Hidden beneath the bark is a lush world of cells that reveal the secrets of these plants.

The image above shows a form of plant warfare, magnified 400 times. The large blue objects are root-like structures from the parasitic plant mistletoe penetrating the wood of a maple tree. Along one of the tree rings are red and green dots, which are chemicals produced by the tree to prevent further mistletoe invasion.

To create this coloured close-up of tree cells, the wood was thinly sliced and then stained to highlight the main tissues: lignin in red and cellulose in blue. It is part of a collection of images of woody plants from diverse environments – more of which are shown on the following two pages – put together by Alan Crivellaro at the University of Cambridge. “I experience the beauty of these images every day and I want to share them with other people,” he says.

Crivellaro studies how plants change their anatomy according to their growing conditions. He also uses magnified images of wood cells to identify illegally traded timber and to investigate archaeological remains.

Wood from a 1100-year-old canoe found in an Italian riverbank
Wood from an 1100-year-old canoe found in an Italian riverbank. It is a pirogue, a type of canoe carved from a single trunk. The lignin and cellulose have degraded, so don’t stain respectively red and blue as in the other images
Alan Crivellaro
 A tangle of cells from a deformed, woody lump, or “burr”, on the trunk of a European beech
A tangle of cells from a deformed, woody lump, or “burr”, on the trunk of a European beech
Alan Crivellaro
Two water transport tubes in wood from a “tree of heaven”.
Two water transport tubes in wood from a “tree of heaven”. One is blocked by gum to defend against fungal or insect invasion
Alan Crivellaro
Complex structures in the bark of a European beech
Complex structures in the bark of a European beech, with a wood layer in red at the bottom
Alan Crivellaro
water transport tubes in this white mulberry tree
The water transport tubes in this white mulberry tree are blocked by blue-stained cells, a sign that the wood came from the innermost part of the tree and is now too old to transfer water
Alan Crivellaro
saxifrage cross section
A cross section of the stem of purple mountain saxifrage, a small plant found in many cold and mountainous places. Its thick cork bark protects the stem from frost
Alan Crivellaro

Photographers,
Alan Crivellaro and Fritz Schweingruber

Topics: photography / Plants