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Environment

Trees capture toxic fingerprint of gold mining in the Amazon

Mercury pollution accumulating in trees could offer a new way to monitor destructive gold mining operations

By James Dinneen

8 April 2025

gold mining area in Peru's southeastern Amazon region

A gold mining area in the Peruvian Amazon

ERNESTO BENAVIDES/AFP via Getty Images

Mercury pollution accumulated in trees could offer a new way to keep tabs on destructive gold mining operations in the Amazon rainforest.

“We could potentially see whether mining is starting to ramp up,” says at Cornell University in New York.

Most small-scale gold mining operations separate gold from ore by adding liquid mercury and then burning the mixture, releasing large amounts of mercury – a potent neurotoxin – into the air. Together, these mining operations, many of which are illegal, represent the largest source of mercury…

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